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Sous le feu des critiques : les fusions entre médias laissent les électeurs et les consommateurs à l'écart

Les Américains comptent sur des médias libres, divers et indépendants pour obtenir les informations dont ils ont besoin pour prendre des décisions éclairées en période électorale. Mais chaque semaine apporte son lot de mauvaises nouvelles pour ceux d’entre nous qui craignent que notre écosystème des communications ne soit poussé au bord de l’effondrement. Le problème n’est pas que nous ayons jamais eu un monde des communications parfait – loin de là – mais ce que nous avions a au moins fourni une base sur laquelle les diverses voix de la démocratie pouvaient s’affronter et se développer.

Every week brings more bad news for those of us who worry that our communications ecosystem is being pushed to the point of collapse.  It’s not that we ever had a perfect communications world—far from it—but what we had at least provided a foundation upon which the diverse voices of democracy could contend and build.  We had newspapers all across the country that covered community and regional news.  We had independent radio and television stations in local markets that spanned the continent.  We had journalism and journalists who were encouraged to dig deep for facts as they practiced the necessary craft of investigative reporting. And, more recently, along came a dynamic technology capable of making it all work even better—the internet.

Fast forward to the present day. Newspapers are a shell of their former selves.  Independent radio and television outlets in hundreds of markets have been gobbled up in an orgy of media consolidation by a few players whose primary loyalty is to the all-powerful “market.”  Newsrooms employ little more than half the employees who were working as recently as 2000. Those lucky enough to have a job in journalism are too often pushed into the production of vacuous infotainment that is no substitute for the news and information that a self-governing people must have in order to maintain their democracy. As for the internet, so loaded at its inception with almost unlimited potential to widen further our news, information and civic discourse, it is being rapidly cableized by telecom and media giants, in active partnership with an anti-democratic government which looks longingly and lovingly back to the tawdry excesses of the Gilded Age.

Look around.  Every week brings a new communications merger: AT&T-Time Warner, T-Mobile-Sprint, Disney-Fox or Comcast-Fox, Sinclair-Tribune, to mention just a few.  What’s next Verizon and Comcast?   Ten years ago there were some merger combinations that would not even have been contemplated.  Now they are reality.

Sinclair appears about ready to get the green light to take over Tribune from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and its audacious chairman, Ajit Pai. Sinclair keeps changing the terms of the deal on a regular basis in order to make it seem less threatening than it is, but all its changing and adding of loopholes is only aimed at acquiring unprecedented power in broadcast markets across the land.  All the while, the FCC’s majority, more interested in the special interests than the public interest, weakens and/or eliminates long-standing rules that would have prevented this deal from ever getting off the ground. The FCC has paved a wide boulevard to accommodate this transaction. Expect more—many more—such deals.

The FCC’s full-speed-in-reverse course recently got a big helping hand from U.S. District Court Judge Richard Leon’s decision to approve the AT&T-TimeWarner merger.  My mind is still reeling from this one!   It was a horse-and-buggy decision utterly blind to the realities of the twenty-first-century economy. His magnum opus means that one of the largest internet service providers is permitted to merge with one of the largest TV and film companies, thereby creating a powerful entity controlling the content and distribution of some of the most important programming in the market.  Marrying content and carriage creates gatekeepers with every incentive to favor their own services at the expense of their competitors, and now the court is telling AT&T and everyone else that’s just fine. The judge tells us that we needn’t worry about a merger that combines both content and distribution. Well, I worry. I worry about sure-to-come rising prices for consumers.  I worry about the disappearance of diverse programmers across the video marketplace. I worry about the newsrooms and journalism jobs that will be lost.  I worry about small and medium-sized innovators and entrepreneurs who will find thousands of opportunities no longer open to them.

I could spend an hour talking about the judge’s decision. He seemed many times more interested in how to increase Time-Warner’s advertising revenues than he was in protecting consumers. He clearly liked some of the witnesses more than others (I will leave it to you to figure out which ones). And then, in a giant cop-out, Judge Leon said there was no precedent for him to decide other than he did. I guess there was no precedent to correct the Dred Scott or Plessy v. Ferguson cases, either.  Someone has to lead, Judge. It is just breaking as I write this that the Department of Justice will appeal Judge Leon’s decision.  That’s positive news, and grounds for at least some hope, but there are miles to go to undo the damage his decision inflicted.

One other note: The decision never got into considering network neutrality. I am told by lawyers this was because the Department of Justice didn’t make network neutrality part of its case, although how we are supposed to have a decision based on the realities of today’s  communications marketplace without even considering the enhanced power given to the business giants by the FCC’s elimination of net neutrality rules is beyond me.

We are already starting to see some real-life consequences of recent merger approvals and of the reckless FCC elimination of the 2015 net neutrality rules. AT&T charged its customers an extra $1.83 on their wireless bill in order to help pay for the Time Warner acquisition.  (Not much, some say?  It adds up, I am told, to around $800 million for the company.)  AT&T also removed HBO from one of its unlimited data plans, effectively raising prices on its customers.  Comcast is going to start throttling its customers on its Xfinity mobile service and charge more for high definition video over its wireless network.  And this is just the beginning.

The upcoming court decision on net neutrality repeal could, rightly decided, put the brakes on some of the mischief described above. Let’s hope reason prevails. But putting the genie back in the bottle doesn’t end there, even with a good outcome. A few telecom and media giants are rapidly taking control of our civic discourse; of our ability to communicate with one another on equal terms; and of our right to organize on behalf of our diverse ideals. They are not only being abetted, but actively encouraged, by a government in the thrall of special interests.  Problems abound across the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches of our government. They are headed in the wrong direction. The cards seem stacked against our very democracy.

Why keep fighting?  Because to win we have to fight.  It’s no hundred-yard sprint, but a long, hard race of endurance that we must run.  No one is going to fix this mess for us.  We will do the fixing, or the fixing won’t get done.  Talking, writing, organizing, demonstrating, insisting that our elected representatives serve us —all this and more is urgently required.  Required from each of us.  And at the top of my list this fall—V-O-T-E.  Everyone, vote!


Michael Copps a été commissaire à la Commission fédérale des communications de mai 2001 à décembre 2011 et président par intérim de la FCC de janvier à juin 2009. Ses années à la Commission ont été marquées par sa défense acharnée de « l’intérêt public » ; par sa sensibilisation à ce qu’il appelle les « parties prenantes non traditionnelles » dans les décisions de la FCC, en particulier les minorités, les Amérindiens et les diverses communautés de personnes handicapées ; et par ses actions visant à endiguer ce qu’il considère comme une consolidation excessive dans les secteurs des médias et des télécommunications du pays. En 2012, l’ancien commissaire Copps a rejoint Common Cause pour diriger son initiative de réforme des médias et de la démocratie. Common Cause est une organisation de défense des droits non partisane et à but non lucratif fondée en 1970 par John Gardner pour permettre aux citoyens de faire entendre leur voix dans le processus politique et de demander des comptes à leurs dirigeants élus en matière d’intérêt public.

Benton believes that communications policy—rooted in the values of access, equity, and diversity—has the power to deliver new opportunities and strengthen communities to bridge our divides. Titres liés aux communications est le seul condensé quotidien gratuit, fiable et non partisan qui organise et diffuse des informations liées au haut débit universel, tout en reliant les communications, la démocratie et les questions d'intérêt public.

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